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These papers are designed to illustrate some of the more technical aspects particular to digital data acquisition, and range from theoretical considerations to practical procedures.

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Paper #1: Selecting a Sample Rate

Often overlooked, and rarely understood, the choice of sampling rate in a digital data acquisition system is one of the most fundamental parameters in system configuration. Balancing data volumes, processing and transfer times, against data corruption issues, this paper explores sampling theory, and explains the effect of aliasing in measurement systems.

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Paper #2: Uncertainty in Measurement Results

To determine the uncertainty in the results of a single channel measurement, one must consider the contributions from both the sensor’s uncertainty and the uncertainty of the measurement channel. Results from multiple measurement channels face even greater complications. This White Paper explains the theoretical background for, as well as the practical steps taken to handle these multi-channel measurement uncertainties.

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Paper #3: Synchronized versus Sequential Sampling Methods

How does one select the right measurement system structure for a given measurement task? Should channels be sampled simultaneously, in synchronization, or is it sufficient for the channels to be sampled sequentially using an analog multiplexer? This White Paper explores the pros and cons of various multiplexer techniques.

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Paper #4: Incremental Sensors Techniques

First in a two-part series, this paper examines the practical and theoretical aspects of the measurement of angle, distance, frequency, and speed, as well as general event counting measurements which are commonplace in a variety of industrial situations including gearboxes, engine and motor operation, conveyor belts, milling and drilling machinery, and robotic assembly systems. This paper explains the measurement techniques for, resolution consideration of, and the appropriate handling of the class of transducers responsible for sensing the majority of these types of dynamic signals.

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Paper #5: Incremental Sensors - Advanced Techniques

Second in a two-part series, this paper digs deeper into resolution enhancement techniques and directional data, critically important in precision rotational work such as machine tooling and sensitive differential speed measurements. The possibilities of analog incremental sensors, such as the SinCos sensor, are also explored.

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Paper #6: A User's Perspective to Signal Isolation in High Voltage Measurements

Electric, and Hybrid Electric vehicle batteries; Industrial motors; high voltage measurements abound. But measurements in these sorts of environments present a particular challenge for the measurement system. This paper discusses what to look for in performing such measurements, and will help you in selecting the appropriate measurement amplifier.

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Special Presentation: High Speed Distributed Data Acquisition Systems based on an EtherCAT backbone.

(Presented at the Automotive Testing Expo, Novi, MI, October 22, 2008)

Abstract:

Testing requirements in the automotive industry often lead to the use of numerous widely distributed sensors. Any solution which avoids overwhelming analog cabling, improves signal noise immunity, and enhances system modularity, demands digitization of the signals of interest very close to the sensor itself.

In the case of low sample frequency (low bandwidth) signals, CAN based modules are already commonly used, for example imc CANSAS. However, for higher bandwidth signals, e.g. acquisition of noise and vibration data, CAN technology is not appropriate; to preserve the advantages of a distributed, modular solution, a faster synchronous serial connection is necessary.

EtherCAT, the open real-time Ethernet network originally developed by the industrial automation company Beckhoff, fulfills the demands of synchronicity, bandwidth, reliability and interoperability in an ideal way. In this presentation the application of EtherCAT in a measurement environment will be demonstrated, with an emphasis on the integration of multichannel measurement subsystems in the EtherCAT environments, and how these EtherCAT modules collectively create a complete synchronous measurement system.

The additional advantages of EtherCAT, such as the overlay of traditional TCP/IP communication without interference in the synchronous data stream, and the use of the CANOpen protocol for the integration of measurement modules in different programming environments, are also discussed.

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